United Kingdom
United Kingdom shipped 3.3 Mt of CBAM goods to the EU in 2025 (2.9 % of all CBAM imports, down 7 % on 2024). Most of the exposure comes from iron and steel. At default values the 2026 CBAM bill would be about €342 m, ranking it 10th of 152 countries.
What it exports
| Sector | Tonnes 2025 | Value | Exposure 2026 | 2034 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Iron and steel | 2.3 Mt | €4.37 bn | €303 m | €665 m |
| Aluminium | 381 kt | €1.58 bn | €29.7 m | €87.9 m |
| Cement | 432 kt | €71.9 m | €7.2 m | €26.5 m |
| Fertilisers | 178 kt | €130 m | €2.7 m | €10.6 m |
| Hydrogen | 23 t | €635 k | €13 k | €27 k |
Products with the largest exposure
Default value (2026, incl. mark-up) and CBAM benchmark in tCO₂e per tonne. For 10 % of the tonnage no country-specific default is published, so the higher “other countries and territories” value applies.
| CN code | Product | Tonnes | Default | Benchmark | Exposure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 7225 99 00 | Flat-rolled products of alloy steel other than stainless, of a width of ≥ 600 mm, hot-ro… | 144 kt | 4.070 | 1.706 | €28.6 m |
| 7218 91 10 | Semi-finished products of stainless steel, of rectangular "other than square" cross-sect… | 132 kt | 3.619 | 1.189 | €26.6 m |
| 7225 92 00 | Flat-rolled products of alloy steel other than stainless, of a width of ≥ 600 mm, hot-ro… | 109 kt | 4.070 | 1.706 | €21.6 m |
| 7308 90 98 | Structures and parts of structures of iron or steel, n.e.s. (excl. bridges and bridge-se… | 114 kt | 3.344 | 1.491 | €17.7 m |
| 7306 61 99 | Tubes and pipes and hollow profiles, welded, of square or rectangular cross-section, of … | 133 kt | 2.750 | 1.491 | €14.2 m |
| 7227 90 10 | Bars and rods, hot-rolled, of steel containing by weight ≥ 0,0008 % of boron with any ot… | 51 kt | 3.784 | 1.435 | €10.1 m |
| 7601 20 30 | Unwrought aluminium alloys in the form of slabs | 167 kt | 2.057 | 1.423 | €9.2 m |
| 7210 49 00 | Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel, of a width of ≥ 600 mm, hot-rolled or c… | 72 kt | 2.750 | 1.491 | €7.7 m |
| 7225 50 80 | Flat-rolled products of alloy steel other than stainless, of a width of ≥ 600 mm, not fu… | 36 kt | 4.070 | 1.673 | €7.3 m |
| 7213 91 70 | Bars and rods, hot-rolled, in irregularly wound coils, of iron or non-alloy steel, conta… | 70 kt | 2.541 | 1.364 | €7.0 m |
| 7214 91 10 | Bars and rods of iron or non-alloy steel, not further worked than hot-rolled, hot-drawn … | 63 kt | 2.541 | 1.364 | €6.3 m |
| 7218 99 11 | Semi-finished products of stainless steel, of square cross-section, rolled or obtained b… | 31 kt | 3.619 | 1.189 | €6.2 m |
Outlook
Same 2025 volumes, same certificate price (€82.32), default values throughout.
Carbon pricing in United Kingdom
The UK runs its own ETS, and its own CBAM starts on 1 January 2027. The EU and UK are negotiating to link their ETSs; once a link is in force, the EU has said CBAM would not apply to goods originating in the UK. Until then, UK goods are subject to EU CBAM.
Where it sits on the map
Read more
- Policy
The UK: its own CBAM in 2027 and a possible exemption from the EU's
- Exporters
A checklist for producers outside the EU
Nearby in the ranking: Taiwan, South Korea, Vietnam, Algeria.
Sources: Eurostat Comext (DS-045409), annual 2025; Implementing Regulations (EU) 2025/2621 and 2025/2620. See methodology.