Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan shipped 560 kt of CBAM goods to the EU in 2025 (0.5 % of all CBAM imports, up 44 % on 2024). Most of the exposure comes from iron and steel. At default values the 2026 CBAM bill would be about €116 m, ranking it 17th of 152 countries.
560 ktEU imports, 2025
€552 mcustoms value
€116 mCBAM exposure 2026
€208/taverage per tonne
What it exports
Steel 57 %Aluminium 20 %Fertilisers 24 %
| Sector | Tonnes 2025 | Value | Exposure 2026 | 2034 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Iron and steel | 317 kt | €222 m | €103 m | €162 m |
| Fertilisers | 133 kt | €56.1 m | €7.1 m | €12.1 m |
| Aluminium | 110 kt | €274 m | €6.1 m | €22.1 m |
| Cement | 0 t | €0 k | €0 k | €0 k |
Products with the largest exposure
Default value (2026, incl. mark-up) and CBAM benchmark in tCO₂e per tonne.
| CN code | Product | Tonnes | Default | Benchmark | Exposure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 7214 99 50 | Bars and rods of iron or non-alloy steel, only hot-rolled, hot-drawn or hot-extruded, co… | 158 kt | 5.698 | 1.364 | €56.6 m |
| 7207 11 14 | Semi-finished products, of iron or non-alloy steel, containing by weight < 0,25 % carbon… | 49 kt | 5.698 | 1.364 | €17.6 m |
| 7207 11 16 | Semi-finished products, of iron or non-alloy steel, containing by weight < 0,25 % carbon… | 36 kt | 5.698 | 1.364 | €12.8 m |
| 7601 10 90 | Aluminium, not alloyed, unwrought (excl. slabs) | 109 kt | 2.057 | 1.423 | €6.0 m |
| 7202 41 90 | Ferro-chromium, containing by weight > 6 % carbon | 37 kt | 2.585 | 1.142 | €4.5 m |
| 7214 99 31 | Bars and rods of iron or non-alloy steel, only hot-rolled, hot-drawn or hot-extruded, co… | 9 kt | 5.698 | 1.364 | €3.2 m |
| 7213 91 49 | Bars and rods, hot-rolled, of iron or non-alloy steel, in irregularly wound coils, conta… | 6 kt | 5.698 | 1.364 | €2.1 m |
| 3102 30 90 | Ammonium nitrate (excl. that in aqueous solution, in tablets or similar forms, or in pac… | 12 kt | 2.697 | 0.767 | €2.0 m |
| 7217 10 39 | Wire of iron or non-alloy steel, in coils, containing by weight < 0,25 % carbon, not pla… | 5 kt | 5.698 | 1.364 | €1.7 m |
| 3105 20 10 | Mineral or chemical fertilisers containing phosphorus and potassium, with a nitrogen con… | 26 kt | 1.192 | 0.434 | €1.6 m |
| 3105 59 00 | Mineral or chemical fertilisers containing the two fertilising elements nitrogen (excl. … | 54 kt | 0.697 | 0.391 | €1.4 m |
| 7202 49 50 | Ferro-chromium, containing by weight > 0,05 % but ≤ 0,5 % carbon | 6 kt | 3.157 | 1.142 | €1.0 m |
Outlook
Same 2025 volumes, same certificate price (€82.32), default values throughout.
2026€116 m10 % mark-up, 97.5 % free allocation
2030€169 m30 % mark-up, 51.5 % free allocation
2034€196 m30 % mark-up, no free allocation
Where it sits on the map
Read more
Nearby in the ranking: Malaysia, United Arab Emirates, Brazil, Mozambique.
Sources: Eurostat Comext (DS-045409), annual 2025; Implementing Regulations (EU) 2025/2621 and 2025/2620. See methodology.