Cement
14.3 Mt imported from 43 countries in 2025. Estimated CBAM exposure at default values: €904 m in 2026, €1.97 bn by 2034. Clinker, cement and calcined clay. Indirect emissions count. Most imports arrive by short sea routes from neighbouring countries.
| Country | EU imports 2025 | Exposure 2026 | per tonne |
|---|---|---|---|
| Türkiye | 6.1 Mt | €458 m | €75/t |
| Ukraine | 1.9 Mt | €135 m | €71/t |
| Algeria | 1.7 Mt | €106 m | €62/t |
| Egypt | 1.7 Mt | €101 m | €61/t |
| Tunisia | 948 kt | €29.2 m | €31/t |
| Saudi Arabia | 206 kt | €15.3 m | €74/t |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 363 kt | €11.8 m | €33/t |
| Vietnam | 114 kt | €8.7 m | €77/t |
| United Kingdom | 432 kt | €7.2 m | €17/t |
| Morocco | 221 kt | €5.7 m | €26/t |
| Colombia | 89 kt | €4.2 m | €47/t |
| China | 33 kt | €3.6 m | €109/t |
| South Africa | 47 kt | €3.5 m | €74/t |
| Malaysia | 97 kt | €3.2 m | €33/t |
| Albania | 100 kt | €3.1 m | €31/t |
| Moldova | 39 kt | €2.9 m | €74/t |
| North Macedonia | 84 kt | €2.5 m | €29/t |
| United Arab Emirates | 64 kt | €1.6 m | €26/t |
| Mexico | 20 kt | €1.4 m | €74/t |
| Japan | 6 kt | €134 k | €23/t |
| United States | 4 kt | €50 k | €13/t |
| Brazil | 482 t | €31 k | €64/t |
| Panama | 240 t | €11 k | €46/t |
| Canada | 105 t | €6 k | €58/t |
| Indonesia | 43 t | €3 k | €76/t |
| India | 84 kt | €1 k | €0/t |
| Mauritius | 16 t | €1 k | €66/t |
| Hong Kong | 19 t | €1 k | €29/t |
| Chile | 12 t | €0 k | €37/t |
| Dominican Republic | 9 t | €0 k | €48/t |
| Peru | 6 t | €0 k | €43/t |
| Iran | 1 t | €0 k | €100/t |
| Thailand | 4 t | €0 k | €24/t |
| Gibraltar | 1 t | €0 k | €38/t |
| Lebanon | 1 t | €0 k | €34/t |
| Cameroon | 8 t | €0 k | €4/t |
| Singapore | 1 t | €0 k | €28/t |
| Ghana | 32 t | €0 k | €0/t |
| South Korea | 1 t | €0 k | €0/t |
| Nigeria | 11 t | €0 k | €0/t |