Türkiye
Türkiye shipped 14.8 Mt of CBAM goods to the EU in 2025 (13.1 % of all CBAM imports, up 25 % on 2024). Most of the exposure comes from iron and steel. At default values the 2026 CBAM bill would be about €1.76 bn, ranking it 3rd of 152 countries.
What it exports
| Sector | Tonnes 2025 | Value | Exposure 2026 | 2034 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Iron and steel | 7.4 Mt | €7.18 bn | €1.14 bn | €2.35 bn |
| Cement | 6.1 Mt | €437 m | €458 m | €935 m |
| Aluminium | 684 kt | €2.84 bn | €107 m | €224 m |
| Fertilisers | 573 kt | €225 m | €52.9 m | €90.4 m |
| Hydrogen | 47 t | €53 k | €27 k | €55 k |
Products with the largest exposure
Default value (2026, incl. mark-up) and CBAM benchmark in tCO₂e per tonne. For 41 % of the tonnage no country-specific default is published, so the higher “other countries and territories” value applies.
| CN code | Product | Tonnes | Default | Benchmark | Exposure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2523 10 00 | Cement clinkers other countries | 3.2 Mt | 1.551 | 0.666 | €241 m |
| 2523 29 00 | Portland cement (excl. white, whether or not artificially coloured) other countries | 2.4 Mt | 1.584 | 0.666 | €185 m |
| 7308 90 98 | Structures and parts of structures of iron or steel, n.e.s. (excl. bridges and bridge-se… | 289 kt | 6.072 | 1.491 | €110 m |
| 7210 49 00 | Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel, of a width of ≥ 600 mm, hot-rolled or c… | 530 kt | 2.761 | 1.491 | €57.0 m |
| 7208 37 00 | Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel, of a width of ≥ 600 mm, in coils, simpl… | 490 kt | 2.670 | 1.370 | €53.8 m |
| 7208 39 00 | Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel, of a width of ≥ 600 mm, in coils, simpl… | 474 kt | 2.670 | 1.370 | €52.0 m |
| 7308 20 00 | Towers and lattice masts, of iron or steel | 132 kt | 6.072 | 1.491 | €50.4 m |
| 7214 20 00 | Bars and rods, of iron or non-alloy steel, with indentations, ribs, groves or other defo… | 495 kt | 2.541 | 1.364 | €49.4 m |
| 7228 30 69 | Bars and rods or alloy steel other than stainless steel, only hot-rolled, hot-drawn or h… | 111 kt | 6.919 | 1.613 | €48.8 m |
| 7208 38 00 | Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel, of a width of ≥ 600 mm, in coils, simpl… | 399 kt | 2.670 | 1.370 | €43.8 m |
| 7208 51 98 | Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel, of a width of < 2.050 mm but ≥ 600 mm, … | 296 kt | 2.670 | 1.370 | €32.5 m |
| 3102 40 10 | Mixtures of ammonium nitrate with calcium carbonate or other inorganic non-fertilising s… | 244 kt | 2.252 | 0.688 | €31.7 m |
Outlook
Same 2025 volumes, same certificate price (€82.32), default values throughout.
Carbon pricing in Türkiye
Türkiye adopted a climate law in 2025 that creates a national ETS. Its pilot phase for 2026–2027 targets power, cement, steel, aluminium and fertiliser installations above 50 000 tCO₂e, closely mirroring the CBAM scope.
Where it sits on the map
Read more
- Exporters
Türkiye's cement and the ‘other countries’ default
- Sectors
Cement and clinker: a Mediterranean story
- Policy
Carbon prices abroad and the CBAM deduction
- Exporters
A checklist for producers outside the EU
Nearby in the ranking: China, Indonesia, Russia, India.
Sources: Eurostat Comext (DS-045409), annual 2025; Implementing Regulations (EU) 2025/2621 and 2025/2620. See methodology.