Russia
Russia shipped 10.4 Mt of CBAM goods to the EU in 2025 (9.2 % of all CBAM imports, up 16 % on 2024). Most of the exposure comes from iron and steel. At default values the 2026 CBAM bill would be about €1.24 bn, ranking it 4th of 152 countries.
10.4 MtEU imports, 2025
€4.89 bncustoms value
€1.24 bnCBAM exposure 2026
€119/taverage per tonne
What it exports
Steel 50 %Aluminium 3 %Fertilisers 47 %
| Sector | Tonnes 2025 | Value | Exposure 2026 | 2034 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Iron and steel | 5.2 Mt | €2.15 bn | €923 m | €1.70 bn |
| Fertilisers | 4.9 Mt | €1.98 bn | €292 m | €599 m |
| Aluminium | 304 kt | €755 m | €24.7 m | €70.2 m |
Products with the largest exposure
Default value (2026, incl. mark-up) and CBAM benchmark in tCO₂e per tonne.
| CN code | Product | Tonnes | Default | Benchmark | Exposure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 7207 12 10 | Semi-finished products of iron or non-alloy steel, containing by weight < 0,25 of carbon… | 3.7 Mt | 3.531 | 1.364 | €675 m |
| 7201 10 90 | Non-alloy pig iron in pigs, blocks or other primary forms, containing by weight ≤ 0,5 % … | 634 kt | 3.344 | 1.210 | €113 m |
| 3102 10 19 | Urea, whether or not in aqueous solution, containing > 45 % nitrogen in relation to the … | 1.8 Mt | 1.485 | 0.902 | €89.1 m |
| 7203 10 00 | Ferrous products obtained by direct reduction of iron ore, in lumps, pellets or similar … | 585 kt | 2.211 | 0.397 | €87.8 m |
| 2814 10 00 | Anhydrous ammonia | 682 kt | 2.283 | 1.522 | €44.9 m |
| 3105 20 10 | Mineral or chemical fertilisers containing phosphorus and potassium, with a nitrogen con… | 705 kt | 1.131 | 0.434 | €41.1 m |
| 3102 40 10 | Mixtures of ammonium nitrate with calcium carbonate or other inorganic non-fertilising s… | 269 kt | 2.242 | 0.688 | €34.8 m |
| 7224 90 14 | Semi-finished products of alloy steel other than stainless steel, of square or rectangul… | 141 kt | 4.213 | 1.577 | €31.1 m |
| 3102 80 00 | Mixtures of urea and ammonium nitrate in aqueous or ammoniacal solution (excl. those in … | 248 kt | 1.646 | 0.625 | €21.1 m |
| 3102 30 90 | Ammonium nitrate (excl. that in aqueous solution, in tablets or similar forms, or in pac… | 129 kt | 2.626 | 0.767 | €20.0 m |
| 3105 20 90 | Mineral or chemical fertilisers containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, with a ni… | 386 kt | 0.768 | 0.319 | €14.5 m |
| 7601 10 90 | Aluminium, not alloyed, unwrought (excl. slabs) | 140 kt | 2.376 | 1.423 | €11.4 m |
Outlook
Same 2025 volumes, same certificate price (€82.32), default values throughout.
€1.24 bn2026 · 10 % mark-up, 97.5 % free allocation
€1.92 bn2030 · 30 % mark-up, 51.5 % free allocation
€2.37 bn2034 · free allocation ends
Carbon pricing in Russia
Russia has no carbon price on industrial emissions. Most Russian iron and steel and other CBAM goods are also subject to EU sanctions or tariffs.
Where it sits on the map
Read more
- Policy
Russia: what still crosses the border, and what CBAM adds
- Sectors
Fertilisers and ammonia under CBAM
- Exporters
A checklist for producers outside the EU
Nearby in the ranking: Indonesia, Türkiye, India, Ukraine.
Sources: Eurostat Comext (DS-045409), annual 2025; Implementing Regulations (EU) 2025/2621 and 2025/2620. See methodology.